1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and for each group describe examples and their features as follows (details of life cycle and economic importance are not required)

1.2 •plants: •multicellular 

                   •contain chloroplasts

                   •cellulose cell walls

                   •store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

                   •nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, vacuole

                             

                             •examples: •flowering plants like: •cereals (maize)

                                                                                               •herbaceous legumes (beans)        

      

      •animals: •multicellular 

                      •no chloroplasts  

                      •no cell walls

                      •most have a nervous coordination for response

                      •they can move

                      •store carbohydrates as glycogen 

                      •nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane 

                                 

                                 •examples: •mammals (humans)

                                              

      

       •fungi: •can’t photosynthesise 

                  •some are single-celled

                  •some have mycelium (hyphae thread-like structures) 

                  •chitin cell walls

                  •feed by saprotrophic nutrition 

                  •store carbohydrates as glycogen 

                            

                           •examples: •yeast (single-celled)

                                                          •mucor (multicellular with a mycelium and hyphae)

      

       •bacteria: •microscopic and single-celled

                       •have a cell wall ,cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids

                       •no nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA

                       •some photosynthesise 

                       •most feed of other organisms - living and dead

                               •examples: •lactobacillus bulgaricus (yoghurt) 

                                                              •pneumococcus (causing pneumonia) 

        •protoctists: •microscopic and single-celled

                            •some are like plant cells

                            •some are like animal cells

                                     •all have a cell membrane and a nucleus 

                                      •examples include: •chlorella (plant-cell-like) 

                                                                     •amoeba (animal-cell-like) (lives in pond water)

                                                                     •plasmodium (pathogen causing malaria)

      

        •viruses: •small particles (smaller than bacteria)

                       •reproduce in living cells

                       •parasites and infect others

                       •lots of shapes and sizes

                       •don’t have a cellular structure - they have a protein coat around DNA or RNA

    

                                 •examples include: •influenza virus (causes flu)

                                                                •tobacco mosaic virus (discolours leaves)

                                                                •HIV (causes AIDS)